香港中文大学校友谈升学经验
指南者留学
2023-05-21 16:10:14
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">友话说·校友谈升学经验</strong></p>
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<p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">MY EXPERIENCE</em></span></p>
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<p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">来自各个行业与专业的校友,为在校的港中大学子们提供择业或升学建议。让我们听学长学姐们谈专业理解、分享规划心得,看他们在人生的岔路口如何做出不同的升学和职业选择。</p>
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<p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">苑震</strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; box-sizing: border-box;">香港中文大学(深圳)</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #3e3e3e; box-sizing: border-box;">2018级 经管学院</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;">金融工程专业(量化金融方向)</span></p>
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<p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">毕业去向</strong></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration-line: underline; box-sizing: border-box;">密歇根大学</span></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> 量化金融与风险管理硕士</p>
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<p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">其他offer</strong></p>
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<p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration-line: underline; box-sizing: border-box;">波士顿大学</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">数学金融与金融科技硕士</p>
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<p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration-line: underline; box-sizing: border-box;">南加州大学</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">金融工程硕士</p>
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<p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration-line: underline; box-sizing: border-box;">香港科技大学</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">金融数学硕士</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;">“人们或许会花99%的时间</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;">去解决最后也是最困难的1%的问题,</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;">但从这解决1%问题抽象出的通解,</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;">却能更快速有效地解决那99%的基础问题。</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;">感兴趣的话,不妨去探索一下。</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;">因为在这个时代,一切皆有可能。”</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为什么会选择金融工程专业?</span></strong></p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对这个专业有什么理解?</span></strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">当初选择金融工程专业,是由于觉得<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">信息时代与大规模自动化的背景下,基于人力的传统金融未来的发展会受限</strong>,而量化金融能够结合大数据分析和传统金融,更加适合当前市场。</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">本科四年过后,我对这个学科的认识经过了不断的修正和深化。金融可粗略分为公司金融和资产定价两大类。量化方向作为资产定价的子类,又细分为定价业务线和投资业务线。</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">当前量化市场盈利机会多,各公司也欢迎复合型人才,但是数学仍然是量化金融的基础。金融常识、统计模型和编程能力可以决定业务水平的下限,但数学基础往往决定了职业发展的上限。举个例子:数学实力强的量化金融工作者,一来可以结合ODE与PDE,布朗运动与随机微分方程,实现熟悉的Black-Scholes Model,进行European Call Option定价;二来可以结合时间序列与实证资产定价,在计量经济领域,研究标的资产折价与溢价的影响因素,做中长线投资;三来还可以在代数微分几何方向继续探索,研究理论机器学习,分析不同正则函数对流形面上优化求解的影响。</p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">从理论到应用要小半个世纪,现在的市场非常需要用数学分析工具进行刻画,这也是金工学生不可缺少的技能。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本科期间,有哪些印象深刻的课程?</span></strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">FTE 4560 基础机器</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">学习</strong>这门课,涵盖了传统机器学习、深度学习、稀疏矩阵与高维数据挖掘和强化学习类别,讲解常见模型的直观理解、损失函数推导、梯度下降求解、结果的解读和模型改进,内容详实,有广度,也有深度。</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">MAT 3280 测度论</strong>涵盖了半本实变函数(Folland Real Analysis 第1至3章)和Billingsley的概率论,证明细致,辅以实例与反例。实变函数和高等概率并不抽象,而且是量化交易员必备的知识。</p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">测度论等课程让我渐渐开始从矩阵、空间等角度重新理解统计课程,如STA 2001和STA 2002,对回归分析有了更深刻的理解。这些课程从数学原理的角度解释统计值为什么分布、为什么有这些检测。学会残差分析后,我也更好地掌握了数据合并、解决过拟合问题的方法。这些知识的应用,让我在之前的FIN 3080股票预测课程中有了更好的表现,也让我在实习期能够快速上手项目。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在大学期间积累了哪些其他经历?</span></strong></p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">每段经历带给自己什么收获?</span></strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">本科实习经历:</p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">本科期间,我很幸运得到了两段校外实习机会。大三暑假在<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">博时基金</strong>的实习让我大开眼界:真正到了市场上、看到了成熟的投资业务架构,才能看到真实的交易数据是什么样的,如何接受、清洗和存储的,数据接口又是如何设计、方便读取的。当时,我的工作除了因子设计、回测与评估任务,还有模型开发需求,期间我阅读了若干资产定价与投组方向的论文和各券商金工研究组的研报,复现时序论文,改造模型,上线模型并在后续近一年的实盘中持续追踪优化。虽然工作可简要的概括为复现因子,写因子绩效评估报告,写回测框架。但洗数据、设计框架,反复推翻重新优化逻辑的过程,实打实地锻炼了我的业务能力。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">实习期间在做基本面量化时,我发现自己完全没接触过频谱分析、实证资产定价和基于测度的概率论,于是在大四狠下心来补课。而一学期的数学课不足以让我达到对自己的预期,这也间接促使我在研究生项目offer里,选择了数学学院下的量化金融专业继续修读。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">第二段实习是大四暑假期间在<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">盛冠达</strong>做量化实习生,主要做了两件事,一是做了期货产品高频因子的研究,二是借实习机会系统地整理了经典的Transformer论文。然后跟着微软亚研院的新项目,做了Attention RNN收益预测和GNN选股。除了接触业内的事件驱动回测框架逻辑,我也跟进机器学习模型并行计算,跨平台推理等工作。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">实习感悟:</p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">个人觉得针对量化金融方向,实习比科研更能锻炼能力</strong>。学界的模型是核心,但是业务能力与模型实现也很重要。分析历史行情、搜罗论文、复现与回测检验、调整参数、制定策略,进行模拟到提交实盘,这是一套完整的工作流程。借助这套系统,早上起来有了想法,上午就可以编码实现,下午就可以进行回测检验,再打印结果,想法到盈利很快、很有效率,业界与市场的零距离是金融工程的魅力之一。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">目前在做的实习:</p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">我本科阶段主要侧重修学了<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">统计、</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">优化、机器学习</strong>方向的课程,实习做了股票和指数的低频统计套利,期货高频因子挖掘和机器学习模型择时。在密歇根安娜堡研究生第一年,我继续修读了<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">数学分析</strong>和<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">随机分析</strong>方向的课程,学的时候也很想把所学的用上,于是现在正在<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">安信证券衍生品部</strong>进行暑期实习。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何寻找实习和科研机会?</span></strong></p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有信息渠道或技巧推荐吗?</span></strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">主要的资源是<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">CPDO实习群</strong>以及其他港中深实习群和各种公众号,还有<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">私募排行榜</strong>等资源,研究生留学时也通过<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">领英</strong>接触到一些量化方向的猎头,和猎头聊天也可以获取许多行业信息,甚至和公司约上面试。</p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">私募公司招收实习生的数量通常较多,可以直接在官网投递简历,或者通过公司内部老师直招。平时可以多与课程教授和之前去过目标公司实习过的同学联系,了解特定岗位需要的技能,增加简历初筛和面试通过率。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">学弟学妹们也可以在领英上联系我校校友,了解更多实习机会。</strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">去花街整点交易圣杯</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">申请季的</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">整体时间规划是怎样的?</strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">申请结果其实比想象中难以预料,保底项目有可能被拒绝,冲刺项目也会有被录取的可能,一切还要综合投递时间点与当年竞争激烈程度而定。我当时目标是订在QuantNet排名十位左右的项目,同时也混申一些统计学、运筹学相关项目。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在投递申请时,越早越好,因为时常得应对一些突发的情况,比如文书打磨用时过多、准备突如其来的面试邀请、标化考试考位紧张等,如果没有提前规划与预留时间,申请季后期焦虑感“拉满”。可以的话,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">大三期间就要把标化考试完成,暑期开始准备文书,最好在9月份大四开学前完成终稿</strong>,因为有的项目可能9月底就开放申请了。其次,很多项目申请都有轮次之分,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">最好第一轮就投递</strong>,这样即使第一轮没过也能尽早被安排进候选列表。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">12月前应该完成大部分项目的申请。</strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">关于文书,需要在有限的字数中把技能、相关经验和对该项目的热情都展现出来。因此,表达上的简洁明了很关键。一个申请季,招生官可能需要看600-700百篇文书,太多的场景描述和故事情节会让对方很难抓住重点。CPDO升学咨询提供文书修改服务,此外如果你有非常具体的问题,也可以通过邮件直接向项目负责人进行提问,一般都会得到耐心的回答。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何在offer中做出选择?</strong></p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">目前就读的硕士项目体验如何?</strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">本来我很想去香港科技大学的量化数学专业,因为它对学生的培养非常全面。最终我选择了密歇根大学,因为那里的课程<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">更加注重数学基础</strong>,学院下的Ph.D.课程也开放给硕士学生进行修读。且老牌学校教学老师多、专业课开得频繁,两年的硕士项目也能更系统地修学课业。</p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">去不同的学校可以学到不同的知识,增加不同的视角。</strong>例如,在回归分析方面,我们学校侧重于用线代进行回归中的证明,密歇根大学的统计回归课侧重于错误诊断和使用R编程解决问题,而加州大学伯克利分校则给出更多视角,不局限于时空域,可能从频域角度分析。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">你要结合自己的职业或学术目标来选择。</strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">我就读的项目学生主要来自中国,但专业背景多种多样,包括理论数学、应用数学、金融、金融工程、计算机科学和电气与电子工程等专业,也有一些同学已经有过正式工作经历。项目专业课核心是<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">离散时间的衍生品定价</strong>、<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">连续时间的衍生品定价、</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">随机分析与随机微分方程</strong>。学完这些基础后,可以看一些进阶的书,比如<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Stochastic Volatility Model</em>,或者John Hull的<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Options, Futures and Others。</em>另外还有一门<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">模型实现课</strong>:用Matlab或VBA去做些美式期权PDE有限差分求解。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">学长在海洋馆</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何在“内卷”的大环境下调整心态、</span></strong></p>
<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保持自己的兴趣,并坚定地走下去?</span></strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">一般来说,金融工程专业的学生都非常优秀,在这个竞争激烈的行业中,如果没有扎实的数学基础和对量化投资或交易的热情,很难坚持下来。在这个领域中,学习的内容非常交叉,需要掌握量化分析、统计学、机器学习和数学等多个方面。因此,在读书阶段,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">最好找到自己感兴趣的方向</strong>,并着手深入学习。比如,我对基本面量化和长时序预测与Outlier Detection感兴趣,并已经开始做相关研究。我会多读论文、多修些课程,包括Journal of Finance and Economics、Journal of Portfolio Management等优秀论文。此外,平时我也在关注学习机器学习和深度学习前线动向,特别推荐每年的IEEE Best Paper。知识获取的渠道很多,包括微信社群、知乎、公众号等,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">同学们要有在自己感兴趣的方向上持续、自主、深入学习的能力和习惯</strong>。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">另外,除了要在自己感兴趣的方向上不断深入学习,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">学不通的时候也要尽量保持耐心,不断积累知识,等待能够融会贯通的那一刻</strong>。因为数学起点较低,我也一度陷入困惑,不知道如何继续学习。大二时学习了线性代数、微积分、Python和基础的数理统计,我却感觉无法应用于问题的分析中。后来接触到最优化、回归分析、机器学习等应用课程,并补充了测度概率的知识,在研究生阶段又系统地补充了数学分析方向的基础后,这才有能力去进阶学习、解决复杂的实际问题。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">另外在学习过程中,重要的是<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">归纳总结</strong>。我课堂之外的大部分时间都在整理“抄书”笔记、总结归纳。数学的很多证明过程是很难在课堂中瞬间理解的,往往课后要花费四、五个小时整理校订、记笔记,串联知识,才能将理解透彻。虽然花费时间多,但这对于期末考试快速复习很有帮助。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">再就是学习之余要养成实践意识,平时可以自己写写代码、维护自己的小项目,经验通常就是在动手实操中积累起来的,而后你才能在更大的项目中快速上手。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">克服同辈焦虑,不是比别人学得更狠,不是比别人考得更高</strong>,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">而是在自己有一定基础后,有主动接触市场的意识,通过实习去业内看看,找到自己想做的工作方向,再为之付出时间。</strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">学长寄语</strong></p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">大学四年,我意识到了自己的渺小,但也认可了自己的潜力。最重要的是,我知道了要学些什么、怎么使用这些知识,也总有下一个更远的目标。</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">走的多、攀爬的多、见的多,驻足望着下一个目标山峰,这些年的历程告诉我:“<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">山就在那里,为什么不登呢</strong>?”</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">希望学弟学妹不断探索、不断收获!</p>
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