香港大学物理学家发现高度纠缠的量子物质的特征

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香港大学物理学家发现高度纠缠的量子物质的特征

指南者留学 2022-07-21 17:39:21 阅读量：1573

<p>指南者留学全国统一咨询热线：<a href="tel:4001831832" style="color:#1677ff; text-decoration:none;">400-183-1832</a>，全国各地区、各分公司联系方式均为此号码。</p><div data-page-id="doxcnlT9GP9C0qzG5HI5Wbtuynh" data-docx-has-block-data="true"> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnsWuQisU22WgAq77te8wztb" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"bd73e915-6364-4d75-b689-cae980eabd3c","height":376,"width":501,"currHeight":376,"currWidth":501,"natrualHeight":376,"natrualWidth":501,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnyB2KrKFIchEFoOuTU1MMEg%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnsWuQisU22WgAq77te8wztb%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnyB2KrKFIchEFoOuTU1MMEg","image_type":"image/jpeg","size":173329,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="h6"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://o7m7mpmybq.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=NDA2MWYzMGNjYzAzODYzNTQyNjkwOWVhNDUzMjBmNDZfampRY2E1WFhqazFCUGlMZHBqcWdiTWdyeEJhN282RTZfVG9rZW46Ym94Y255QjJLcktGSWNoRUZvT3VUVTFNTUVnXzE2NTkzNDY1Nzc6MTY1OTM1MDE3N19WNA" width="501" height="376" data-single-block="true" data-snapshot="eyJ0eXBlIjoiaW1hZ2UiLCJwYXJlbnRfaWQiOiJkb3hjbmxUOUdQOUMwcXpHNUhJNVdidHV5bmgiLCJjb21tZW50cyI6W10sImxvY2tlZCI6ZmFsc2UsImhpZGRlbiI6ZmFsc2UsImF1dGhvciI6IjcxMTExMjM4Mjc2ODk1ODY2OTIiLCJhbGlnbiI6IiIsImltYWdlIjp7InRva2VuIjoiYm94Y255QjJLcktGSWNoRUZvT3VUVTFNTUVnIiwibWltZVR5cGUiOiJpbWFnZS9qcGVnIiwic2l6ZSI6MTczMzI5LCJzY2FsZSI6MSwid2lkdGgiOjUwMSwiaGVpZ2h0IjozNzYsIm5hbWUiOiJib3hjbnlCMktyS0ZJY2hFRm9PdVRVMU1NRWcuanBnIn19" data-suite="eyJmaWxlVG9rZW4iOiJib3hjbnlCMktyS0ZJY2hFRm9PdVRVMU1NRWciLCJvYmpUeXBlIjoiZG9jeCIsIm9ialRva2VuIjoiZG94Y25zV3VRaXNVMjJXZ0FxNzd0ZTh3enRiIiwib3JpZ2luU3JjIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9pbnRlcm5hbC1hcGktZHJpdmUtc3RyZWFtLmZlaXNodS5jbi9zcGFjZS9hcGkvYm94L3N0cmVhbS9kb3dubG9hZC9hbGwvYm94Y255QjJLcktGSWNoRUZvT3VUVTFNTUVnLz9tb3VudF9ub2RlX3Rva2VuPWRveGNuc1d1UWlzVTIyV2dBcTc3dGU4d3p0YiZtb3VudF9wb2ludD1kb2N4X2ltYWdlIn0=" data-src="https://internal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/all/boxcnyB2KrKFIchEFoOuTU1MMEg/?mount_node_token=doxcnsWuQisU22WgAq77te8wztb&mount_point=docx_image" data-width="501" data-height="376" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn04ao2AmEiwaqKShqyR8xgc" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEw26ggOe8W0Sg9DJZ0aREb" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6">图1：部分研究团队的照片。左起：郑燕博士、赵佳瑞先生、陈斌斌博士。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncik2iWYEemwiq6fZnVIxJd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnsmY44EaGgiQkWAnPMb8wKe" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"8d6024d7-e1db-4f5d-a66c-e3a9f4709dab","height":376,"width":546,"currHeight":376,"currWidth":546,"natrualHeight":376,"natrualWidth":546,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnyHm4oVTggS2AJy8kHVur5g%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnsmY44EaGgiQkWAnPMb8wKe%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnyHm4oVTggS2AJy8kHVur5g","image_type":"image/png","size":145350,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://o7m7mpmybq.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=MjUyY2JjMmJhYzdjNDg0ZGI5MTJjMjFiNGI3M2FjMzVfbnZRSTVrU2VNVU5UNzNnSEoyeHlraVhXN29ZWFhGSG1fVG9rZW46Ym94Y255SG00b1ZUZ2dTMkFKeThrSFZ1cjVnXzE2NTkzNDY1Nzc6MTY1OTM1MDE3N19WNA" width="546" height="376" data-single-block="true" data-snapshot="eyJ0eXBlIjoiaW1hZ2UiLCJwYXJlbnRfaWQiOiJkb3hjbmxUOUdQOUMwcXpHNUhJNVdidHV5bmgiLCJjb21tZW50cyI6W10sImxvY2tlZCI6ZmFsc2UsImhpZGRlbiI6ZmFsc2UsImF1dGhvciI6IjcxMTExMjM4Mjc2ODk1ODY2OTIiLCJhbGlnbiI6IiIsImltYWdlIjp7InRva2VuIjoiYm94Y255SG00b1ZUZ2dTMkFKeThrSFZ1cjVnIiwibWltZVR5cGUiOiJpbWFnZS9wbmciLCJzaXplIjoxNDUzNTAsInNjYWxlIjoxLCJ3aWR0aCI6NTQ2LCJoZWlnaHQiOjM3NiwibmFtZSI6ImJveGNueUhtNG9WVGdnUzJBSnk4a0hWdXI1Zy5wbmcifX0=" data-suite="eyJmaWxlVG9rZW4iOiJib3hjbnlIbTRvVlRnZ1MyQUp5OGtIVnVyNWciLCJvYmpUeXBlIjoiZG9jeCIsIm9ialRva2VuIjoiZG94Y25zbVk0NEVhR2dpUWtXQW5QTWI4d0tlIiwib3JpZ2luU3JjIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9pbnRlcm5hbC1hcGktZHJpdmUtc3RyZWFtLmZlaXNodS5jbi9zcGFjZS9hcGkvYm94L3N0cmVhbS9kb3dubG9hZC9hbGwvYm94Y255SG00b1ZUZ2dTMkFKeThrSFZ1cjVnLz9tb3VudF9ub2RlX3Rva2VuPWRveGNuc21ZNDRFYUdnaVFrV0FuUE1iOHdLZSZtb3VudF9wb2ludD1kb2N4X2ltYWdlIn0=" data-src="https://internal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/all/boxcnyHm4oVTggS2AJy8kHVur5g/?mount_node_token=doxcnsmY44EaGgiQkWAnPMb8wKe&mount_point=docx_image" data-width="546" data-height="376" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn26UoAOCooGsCKguD58RiWe" style="text-align: center;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUi2A6ciYySeoOgPDh5NN2e" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6">图2：数值实验示意图。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIGMISaooOMICSuFOX67qbf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnCCoAqsyCuQaueuTj2lczAd" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"816ac880-d828-49bd-8650-b5bc27e7b42a","height":335,"width":826,"currHeight":335,"currWidth":826,"natrualHeight":335,"natrualWidth":826,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnXspQqlpboAQPS6hnuc02qc%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnCCoAqsyCuQaueuTj2lczAd%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnXspQqlpboAQPS6hnuc02qc","image_type":"image/png","size":174345,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://o7m7mpmybq.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=NzQyMjA5ZWMwNDJhYTRjMWYwMzMzNDNjOWUxNjVhZTZfRG1tYXY3RG5vZnpPQTR2UHdhUXdiVGszNldXRkdwYmhfVG9rZW46Ym94Y25Yc3BRcWxwYm9BUVBTNmhudWMwMnFjXzE2NTkzNDY1Nzc6MTY1OTM1MDE3N19WNA" width="808" height="327" data-single-block="true" data-snapshot="eyJ0eXBlIjoiaW1hZ2UiLCJwYXJlbnRfaWQiOiJkb3hjbmxUOUdQOUMwcXpHNUhJNVdidHV5bmgiLCJjb21tZW50cyI6W10sImxvY2tlZCI6ZmFsc2UsImhpZGRlbiI6ZmFsc2UsImF1dGhvciI6IjcxMTExMjM4Mjc2ODk1ODY2OTIiLCJhbGlnbiI6IiIsImltYWdlIjp7InRva2VuIjoiYm94Y25Yc3BRcWxwYm9BUVBTNmhudWMwMnFjIiwibWltZVR5cGUiOiJpbWFnZS9wbmciLCJzaXplIjoxNzQzNDUsInNjYWxlIjoxLCJ3aWR0aCI6ODI2LCJoZWlnaHQiOjMzNSwibmFtZSI6ImJveGNuWHNwUXFscGJvQVFQUzZobnVjMDJxYy5wbmcifX0=" data-suite="eyJmaWxlVG9rZW4iOiJib3hjblhzcFFxbHBib0FRUFM2aG51YzAycWMiLCJvYmpUeXBlIjoiZG9jeCIsIm9ialRva2VuIjoiZG94Y25DQ29BcXN5Q3VRYXVldVRqMmxjekFkIiwib3JpZ2luU3JjIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9pbnRlcm5hbC1hcGktZHJpdmUtc3RyZWFtLmZlaXNodS5jbi9zcGFjZS9hcGkvYm94L3N0cmVhbS9kb3dubG9hZC9hbGwvYm94Y25Yc3BRcWxwYm9BUVBTNmhudWMwMnFjLz9tb3VudF9ub2RlX3Rva2VuPWRveGNuQ0NvQXFzeUN1UWF1ZXVUajJsY3pBZCZtb3VudF9wb2ludD1kb2N4X2ltYWdlIn0=" data-src="https://internal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/all/boxcnXspQqlpboAQPS6hnuc02qc/?mount_node_token=doxcnCCoAqsyCuQaueuTj2lczAd&mount_point=docx_image" data-width="826" data-height="335" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4meY0mUQmmIy4mb3yd4c3D" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEueeiSioMqEiiyZyb3iBp8" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6">图3：可果美量子自旋模型的晶格类型及拓扑熵的相应结果。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOgAs8Cq4AyeAqUXRv0bUZe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoqgSeIIqayyssfgEsF24xf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">来自香港大学（HKU）物理系的一个研究小组从超级计算机上的大规模模拟中发现了表征高度纠缠的量子物质的明确证据 - 量子自旋液体（QSL）（即使在非常低的温度下仍然无序的物质相）。这项关键的研究工作最近发表在量子材料的主要期刊之一<em>npj量子材料</em>上。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMc6Ogy0KoiwccBJp8ifFfg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnyaEM2OQiUIUGyGalZ1UyMc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">QSL是由1977年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者P.W.安德森（P. W. Anderson）于1973年提出的，它有可能用于拓扑量子计算，将计算机的计算能力提升到一个新的阶段，并帮助理解高温超导体的机制，从而大大降低电力传输过程中的能源成本。由于超导体中没有电阻。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnw8qwsq4QEWIuYr4z4ptV6d" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsqkWA66WG0YGeUYMv2H11f" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">QSL被称为液体，因为它在这件事上缺乏常规顺序。QSL具有起源于长距离和强量子纠缠的拓扑顺序，而由于缺乏能够完美实现科学家提出的许多模型系统的材料，以找到QSL的拓扑顺序并证明其存在，因此检测该拓扑顺序是一项非常艰巨的任务。因此，尚未被明确接受的具体证据表明QSL在自然界中存在。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQOYcAEayOIamGasLiuoAgh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngkUoswCKUKmwCAit2XXyNh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在此背景下，来自香港大学物理系的赵佳瑞先生、陈斌斌博士、郑岱博士和孟子洋博士在可果美晶格量子自旋模型的一个阶段成功探测了这一拓扑阶次，该模型是一种具有内在量子纠缠的二维晶格模型，由具有Z的科学家提出。(2)（2阶的循环群）拓扑顺序，通过在超级计算机上精心设计的数值实验。拓扑纠缠熵的明确结果强烈表明，从数值角度来看，QSL存在于高度纠缠量子模型中。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn8IOieMgEcc8C2pYwU6zcJc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSOMoKU8cU4eSofL8M2hb1b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“我们的工作利用了现代超级计算机的卓越计算能力，我们用它们来模拟一个非常复杂的模型，该模型被认为具有拓扑顺序。根据我们的发现，物理学家更有信心QSL应该存在于自然界中，“该期刊论文的第一作者，物理系博士生赵佳瑞先生说。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGSEw0eKGkCUImGHOWJG1Eh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnw2icUASkOY2McnuLYaewye" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">“数值模拟一直是量子材料科学研究的重要趋势。我们的算法和计算可以找到更有趣和新颖的量子物质，这些努力肯定会有助于实用量子技术和基础研究新范式的发展。物理系副教授子阳萌博士说。研究团队设计了一个关于可果美自旋模型的数值实验（可果美是一种二维晶格结构，显示出与日本传统竹子编织图案相似的图案，形状为六角形格子。），实验示意图如图2所示。系统的纠缠熵（S）可以通过测量模型的自由能在精心设计的非平衡过程中的变化来获得。表征长程拓扑阶的拓扑熵（γ）可以通过将不同纠缠边界长度的纠缠熵数据拟合到一条直线（S=al-γ）来减去与总纠缠熵（S）中纠缠边界（l）的长度成正比的短程贡献来提取。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSoMqEMYioeWo6XGMSm5C0e" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">如图3所示，研究小组对两种长度和宽度不同比例的晶格进行了实验，以确保结果的可靠性。我们使用一条直线来拟合纠缠熵与纠缠边界长度之间的关系，以便拓扑熵应等于直线的截距。我们的结果给出的拓扑熵值为1.4（2），这与Z2量子自旋液体的拓扑熵预测值一致，即2ln（2）。我们的研究结果从数值角度证实了QSL的存在。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWIU0EQSMmAswLPGxzruRzO" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOGsQmqKgUGsCqLuDKXbfqb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>关于研究团队</strong></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCCYaouIomowqGQhINqnDjc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">这项研究是三位作者之间的合作成果 - 来自香港大学物理系的赵佳瑞先生，陈斌斌博士和郑燕博士，在来自同一隶属关系的Zi Yang Meng博士的监督下。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnm0iuG6oewQKQ2nfIPGLjog" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQq8uEusOqsYyeyjbQMTBYe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">这项工作得到了香港特别行政区研究资助局卓越领域“二维材料研究：新兴技术的基础”的支持，以及香港大学-TCL人工智能联合研究中心的种子资助量子启发可解释性人工智能。我们感谢香港大学信息技术服务部和HPC2021超级计算机，以及广州国家超级计算机中心（天河二号超级计算机）的技术支持和慷慨的HPC资源，为本文报告的研究成果做出了贡献。</span></div> </div>

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