香港中文大学响应「世界脑健康日2022」呼吁预防脑小血管病以减中风及认知障碍症风险

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中大响应「管病以减中风及认知障碍症风险

指南者留学 2022-07-22 17:35:33 阅读量：1500

<p>指南者留学全国统一咨询热线：<a href="tel:4001831832" style="color:#1677ff; text-decoration:none;">400-183-1832</a>，全国各地区、各分公司联系方式均为此号码。</p><div data-page-id="doxcn0oQK3BNwqGZOHGxdRGNBDg" data-docx-has-block-data="true"> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcn8CGGYgykY8a2EvNt0w97ge" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"f0941773-6030-4a27-b0bd-8fb88c16f752","height":1768,"width":2500,"currHeight":1768,"currWidth":2500,"natrualHeight":1768,"natrualWidth":2500,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2Fboxcnsz0tTQHrU5jH0Xe9nvbvm5%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3Ddoxcn8CGGYgykY8a2EvNt0w97ge%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnsz0tTQHrU5jH0Xe9nvbvm5","image_type":"image/png","size":1045221,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1663577540562/1663577540562.jpg" width="808" height="571" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnoeG80c8qgYk0OUlknzmTXc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6iOeAMiwuooiaG8ZhO6jNd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">中大医学院脑神经科团队早前进行全港社区脑健康研究，筛查550名40至75岁市民，发现当中逾六成半参加者罹患不同程度的脑小血管病。藉「世界脑健康日」鼓励大众关注脑健康及疾病，提高预防及治疗脑疾病的意识。</span></div> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnSEeea6IQskW67nuY9CdVe6" style="text-align: justify;" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"86177d3c-0d60-4040-8242-804db48ad11e","height":1667,"width":2500,"currHeight":1667,"currWidth":2500,"natrualHeight":1667,"natrualWidth":2500,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnI1UqjhccoEBgKNDq4FNOke%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnSEeea6IQskW67nuY9CdVe6%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnI1UqjhccoEBgKNDq4FNOke","image_type":"image/png","size":3265556,"comments":[]}]}"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1663577551024/1663577551024.jpg" width="808" height="539" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwKmQ6K82MsMe6AE0cSWpAg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="h6">研究团队成员包括（左起）中大利国伟脑神经学教授、医学院内科及药物治疗学系脑神经科主任及香港脑科学会会长梁慧康教授及助理教授叶耀明医生。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnC6AMWiYIQqQeUZ0BY3kM1f" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMuCAMYmsAwMW4A5ositGbb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">香港中文大学（中大）医学院脑神经科于2019至2021年期间透过全港社区脑健康研究筛查550名40至75岁市民，发现当中逾六成半参加者罹患不同程度的脑小血管病。脑小血管病是中风及认知障碍症的主要成因，研究团队冀借着世界脑健康日，呼吁大众管理可引致脑小血管病的风险因素及建立健康的生活模式。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0UW6sEemOOoqqqU27tVWzd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUUSUW4Okw4y6Ov8Iw88goi" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">为提升世界各地关注和付<em>诸</em>行动以减轻脑神经疾病负担，世界神经病学联合会将每年7月22日订为「世界脑健康日」。今年的主题是促进全民脑健康，希望藉此鼓励大众关注脑健康及疾病，提高预防及治疗脑疾病的意识。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCmgYuqMWgCwg0Wn7rvntjd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0I4MG2uo6uCMq2pAu1htLd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>脑小血管病可致中风及认知障碍症 </strong></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQscYS64OGACuKmXSwUfASg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnkeemuYsqsg0uYtxHLRbGSf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">根据政府统计处推算，香港65岁或以上人口将于未来20年上升近一倍，由2019年的132万人升至2039年的252万，占总人口三分之一<a href="https://www.cpr.cuhk.edu.hk/tc/press/129697/#_ftn1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[1]</a>。香港作为全球最长寿地区<a href="https://www.cpr.cuhk.edu.hk/tc/press/129697/#_ftn2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[2]</a>，长者的生活质素取决于他们能否维持认知和独立生活的能力。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4WqKOckuYY44WcFlRPjU2c" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMga8GsoImK4KEDzFy4Penf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">很多脑神经疾病都会影响长者的生活质素，包括脑小血管病变。脑小血管病初期未必有明显病征，但倘若情况恶化，患者不但会出现认知功能受损、抑郁、步履不稳、尿频或失禁，严重更可能增加临床中风及认知障碍症风险。国际研究显示脑小血管病变患者中风的风险较一般人高2.3倍，患上认知障碍症的风险则高近一倍。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMOEEegQK0akGE9nroBYXWf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4CumMwEI24E2ERNJHZv1wS" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>三分之二研究对象潜在不同程度的脑小血管病</strong></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWiCMg60IecCEYTYsAqG65b" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUmyIeOOO6YeQuivQ9hntGe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">中大医学院内科及药物治疗学系脑神经科是全球最早发现脑小血管病与中风及认知障碍相关的研究团队之一。脑小血管病目前可透过影像检查发现。由中大利国伟脑神经学教授、医学院内科及药物治疗学系脑神经科主任及香港脑科学会会长<strong>梁慧康教授</strong>领导的研究团队，自2019年起为550名来自香港各区不同阶层、年龄介乎40至75岁、并未曾患上任何脑神经疾病的市民进行脑部磁力共振分析，发现当中55%潜藏不带病征的轻度脑小血管病，11% 罹患中度至严重脑小血管病，及22%出现微出血情况。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUigAgQ4Woq6aMP32acqANd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUa2YQGg8oEWC48IDHtb8Hb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">高血压是引致脑小血管病的主要原因，因此研究团队亦为超过2，150名市民量度血压。根据世界卫生组织血压标准，成人正常血压水平应为120/80mmHg或以下。是次筛查发现只有34%市民的血压处于建议水平，另有28%市民收缩压高于140mmHg或舒张压高于90mmHg，当中近六成人从未确诊高血压。</span></div> <div class="ace-line" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGaEKUgwMM4WqUnNueiEgVg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>梁慧康教授</strong>表示：「脑小血管病变一旦出现，往往很难逆转，因此及早预防尤为重要。导致脑小血管病的风险因素，例如'三高'是非常普遍的慢性疾病，患者初期大多无明显症状。定期检测有助识别无症状人士，以便及早安排介入治疗，防止情况恶化及出现并发症。市民应按年龄、家族病史及其他风险因素，定期进行血压、血糖及血脂的检测，及早发现潜在的风险因素。」</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnS8e6Gcu08EgaUD9Zzn2knf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0Os0GkCm4sCAEhoRScsmcd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong> 管理脑小血管病的风险因素</strong></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnS2ykKQMuyaiGgl6jOEIBGg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4E42KiKEIaGc4WaVKSKY1d" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">除高血压外，导致脑小血管病的风险因素还包括吸烟、饮酒、不健康饮食、缺乏体能活动、社会及心理因素、中央肥胖、高血脂、糖尿病及心脏问题。有研究显示中年时期开始调整生活习惯能有效改善相关风险因素。方法包括：</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMSUYM6a2yW8kY7z0GL8A9f" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn6KaSWiGyC0kOeqSk9e4dCb" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">定期检查与及早控制“三高”（即高血压、高血糖及高血脂）</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIgaGiUg4AGAYEdkWSoLn4g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnq4kgEWKsmoasySkAjKQDlc" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">避免吸烟</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCqSOAqU8sUsi21tZqWteyf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnGyqk8Qee6UMaETh4eFL6Sb" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">避免过量饮酒</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIy2YSimOke8i6TMe7EGU2d" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn0M2G4WMOYmQmUxCF3hQNYe" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">维持理想体重，保持体重指标（BMI）在25 以下</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn66KQyiK2qiqmoZKMeMqvze" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqAqSaGAkC4sysFvTVRylrg" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">保持均衡饮食，多菜少肉，并减少油、盐、糖的摄取</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcngGqSiYc6WoWsk5SYH57B6d" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQE2AcWMKQgsQ2hQUH2nSNg" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">进行恒常带氧运动（即每星期进行最少150分钟中等强度的带氧活动，例如急步行或远足）</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcni2Uyqcq4YmmKae70RD8lAb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCQC6EekAk648MLriiCJQ3d" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">多做脑部运动和学习新技能，例如阅读、学习使用新技术或参与桌上游戏</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnYAYe4iWwWSCwQzwhVnTzhe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2Ck4GuqKUaqWeit7LpZUoc" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">保持活跃的社交生活，例如参加长者中心活动、兴趣班及义务工作等</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn4IcuCCIeaIs4qQZ5eNWacd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <ul class="list-bullet1" style="text-align: justify;"> <li class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnEAyEye08Qk4MPZ0aBdg1lU" data-list="bullet"> <div><span class="p">保持心境开朗，并维持充足的休息和睡眠</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqCOoKukOeMaEyuQprwYyzb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnSwI0GaquCEEImYSRhswAie" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">中大医学院内科及药物治疗学系脑神经科助理教授<strong>叶耀明医生</strong>呼吁：「市民应提高预防中风及认知障碍症的意识，及早管理脑小血管病风险因素并建立健康的生活模式，以减慢认知功能衰退，保持血管及脑部健康。」</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <div data-page-id="doxcn0oQK3BNwqGZOHGxdRGNBDg" data-docx-has-block-data="false"> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmK0agaaK0EukGIdkfYaVce" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">[1] 政府统计处，香港人口推算2020-2069</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnWqAG8K0yEUg2uQ6YSVQ5Jd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnau4KQ0e4k6Ou2JaEzWSy3g" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">[2] 世界银行，出生时预期寿命 2020</span></div> </div> </div> </div>

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