香港中文大学研发新电池助极端低温天气下稳定供电

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研发新电池助极端低温天气下稳定供电

指南者留学 2022-06-23 15:23:31 阅读量：1455

<p>指南者留学全国统一咨询热线：<a href="tel:4001831832" style="color:#1677ff; text-decoration:none;">400-183-1832</a>，全国各地区、各分公司联系方式均为此号码。</p><div data-page-id="doxcnSo89ZRDvdF3wyHyAfwoAPc" data-docx-has-block-data="true"> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncy2s8Q4K42w80yduv3orAg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657869654614/1657869654614.png" width="807" height="604" /></span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcncy2s8Q4K42w80yduv3orAg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">去年二月，冬季风暴席卷美国，位于德克萨斯州的达拉斯气温骤降至摄氏负17度，造成当地大规模停电，最高峰时近一千万名德州居民受影响。事实上，因寒冷天气而停电限电的情况也常见于中国北方等寒冷地区。供电不稳除了归因于低温天气外，太阳能、风能这些在晴天或有风才能发电的再生能源由于很难储存，一旦遇上极端天气，便严重影响供电。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnocmOQqUyKsiwg9njxqdTVe" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnmwoUqIKS2UM0EI6ZJw4IXj" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">为此，香港中文大学（中大）机械与自动化工程学系副教授<strong>卢怡君教授</strong>及其团队成功研发一种新型活性电解液，有助极端低温天气下安全、高效率地储电，为全球各地社区带来稳定供电，提高他们的生活质素。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQ0qwSaOiEO0oHBlQWabrKx" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcny0wO8IIMgIUCgDdNXBtv7d" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">卢教授表示：「得克萨斯州之前遭遇巨大暴风雪，在寒冷天气下，当地太阳能和风力装置无法如常运作，电网供电大受影响。要解决问题，可行方法之一是预先储电作应急之用，但现有的电池技术难以做到。所以，我们决定去找一种能解决这难题的新材料。」</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnaUO2cIkKGgyAlHvASB4erg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnU8KgIOSykgKq4ZH9G3mgrh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">「再生能源是很好的概念，但太阳能和风能这些绿色能源只能间歇性地产电，如将它们连接至电网或电动汽车，未必可稳定供电，我们必须想办法将再生能源储起来。」她续说。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnQOMoUwKuQG8Wq80e9iUxNc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <h2 class="heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-doxcneuWkeImCYuqS4iIjJcKhnd" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>新材料助低温下有效储电</strong></span></h2> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnMiEeukeggwkuq8gi4DSMrh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnIuEioyMU80g8WEPj7jUK4c" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">现时，再生能源主要利用锂离子电池储存电力，但这种电池易燃，如发生灾难性故障，可能会造成火灾。而液流电池相对较安全，将电解液储存在外部储罐内，通过泵和管道将电解液送到电池内部进行发电。但问题是电解液需要恒温环境，于冰点以下会冻结。要令它运作起来，需要耗能加热，成本相对较昂贵。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnOaG8qoI6UIkWiQLW5gaDIb"> </div> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnSIeg0E0iqWKiCa8NVGfVgc" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"1345c28b-a0df-4759-b43a-5ee28bb99254","height":587,"width":1024,"currHeight":587,"currWidth":1024,"natrualHeight":587,"natrualWidth":1024,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnbgbK0aVPYEDWakGRGIDihb%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnSIeg0E0iqWKiCa8NVGfVgc%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnbgbK0aVPYEDWakGRGIDihb","image_type":"image/jpeg","size":74718,"comments":[]}]}"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657869693916/1657869693916.png" width="807" height="463" /></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnAQSmeaaCqm0iqkX74ztnRc" style="text-align: left;"><span class="h6">新型HPOM液流电池在低温环境下应用的设计原则，其电解液的特性包括（1）快速的多电子反应; （2）凝固点低至摄氏负35度; （3）高离子电导率及（4）高溶解度。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnM4MGs2eQy4eIGUbtwbtbSd"> </div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqS8GAG0Gouuqyiq6R1NSYb" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">「我们在想，如能找到一种本身能在低温甚至零度以下运作的物料改良电解液，即使在极度寒冷地区，电池亦毋须加热就能储电。」最终，卢教授的团队成功找到一种崭新活性物质多电子杂多酸 H(6)P(2)W(18)O(62)」（HPOM）作为药引。 HPOM原本只是应用于催化和储存能量的材料，但团队发掘了它在低温下发电的独特潜能，并用之研发出一款新型活性电解液，能在低至摄氏负20度环境中仍不冻结。这种新型HPOM液流电池高效能、高寿命，其高功率密度达282.4 mW cm(-2)，在摄氏负20度仍能稳定运作超过800个生命周期（逾1，200小时）而不衰减。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnqS8GAG0Gouuqyiq6R1NSYb"> </div> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnSwkkSsUciwAmc5ABEUhFUf" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"c3e83a38-fe11-4445-875c-484c2da20f5e","height":273,"width":1024,"currHeight":273,"currWidth":1024,"natrualHeight":273,"natrualWidth":1024,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2Fboxcnhz50lIqik0QxFCstmmIlXb%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnSwkkSsUciwAmc5ABEUhFUf%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnhz50lIqik0QxFCstmmIlXb","image_type":"image/jpeg","size":57199,"comments":[]}]}"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657869704046/1657869704046.png" width="807" height="215" /></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuwMacQOqeEkqyUx09sgmHd" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6">新型HPOM液流电池分别在摄氏25度（左）及冷冻柜内负20度（右）的原型制成品。旁边的水（H2O）展示作参考用途。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn44GKQQw6WowwYHbXy8biQb"> </div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnO4Ky44qEy2oY2dQc1fIjtf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">为何新型活性电解液不易冻结？卢教授说：「这要回归到化学的基本问题。如果想阻止某些东西冻结，其一方法是改变水分子的连接。当水变成冰时，水分子会互相以氢键连接，如能破坏氢键，就能防止冻结。 HPOM本身可储电，而且可以与水形成氢键和防止水积聚，以降低冰点，令电解液不易冻结。」</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnuwOIew8gmMIAXkyVlltIgP" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2m8iqwWmGqo4IxBmCDJaAh" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">在新技术帮助下，我们可以减少耗能去加热电解液，甚至大多数情况下，毋须特别加热处理。」卢教授表示，HPOM更有潜力实现以往一些不可能任务，例如用于缺乏足够空间设置加热系统，但需要电池发电的地下电气装置。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn2m8iqwWmGqo4IxBmCDJaAh"> </div> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnKy0OmSU6a8EcAAfTvGZgbb" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"d75c8e9b-6858-4e9e-ad8b-ccfd3afa4d40","height":683,"width":1024,"currHeight":683,"currWidth":1024,"natrualHeight":683,"natrualWidth":1024,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnvSgGLVjQP1Um4q2iLTzD4f%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnKy0OmSU6a8EcAAfTvGZgbb%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnvSgGLVjQP1Um4q2iLTzD4f","image_type":"image/jpeg","size":108788,"comments":[]}]}"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657869712026/1657869712026.png" width="807" height="538" /></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnwi6csGoS0EOamog9wolyHg" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6">卢怡君教授</span></div> <div class="image-uploaded gallery old-record-id-doxcnGC42OyoCmowUCMO4i0Pn9f" data-type="image" data-ace-gallery-json="{"items":[{"uuid":"a6f55bef-9906-48a0-8fe7-1ae62fcbec36","height":683,"width":1024,"currHeight":683,"currWidth":1024,"natrualHeight":683,"natrualWidth":1024,"pluginName":"imageUpload","scale":1,"src":"https%3A%2F%2Finternal-api-drive-stream.feishu.cn%2Fspace%2Fapi%2Fbox%2Fstream%2Fdownload%2Fall%2FboxcnXMDBWtwEErjv6ZRgKq1JEg%2F%3Fmount_node_token%3DdoxcnGC42OyoCmowUCMO4i0Pn9f%26mount_point%3Ddocx_image","file_token":"boxcnXMDBWtwEErjv6ZRgKq1JEg","image_type":"image/jpeg","size":84446,"comments":[]}]}"><img src="https://info.compassedu.hk/sucai/content/1657869719562/1657869719562.png" width="807" height="538" /></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnUAqYY2SkQaSkgvNUiLmX8d" style="text-align: center;"><span class="h6">第一作者博士生艾飞展示新型HPOM液流电池在摄氏25度的原型制作品。</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcn08cmgUggsWyIWoPPEp7Zgh"> </div> <h2 class="heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-doxcnC6C08Ys2yW0owpgyXGfrEg" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"><strong>推动技术商品化</strong></span></h2> <p style="text-align: justify;"> </p> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnCY0Ww2Cgm08oagTC09Apcf" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">这项崭新研发成果已刊登于著名国际学术期刊《Nature Energy》，更获得科学界和能源行业的积极回应。卢教授说：「学术界对于我们能从现有材料中发现新的特性啧啧称奇，更有业界友好问我何时会大批量生产这款电解液。在中国北方的严寒地区，电动车因低温天气而无法正常运作或只能开短程，电池的储存量亦会急速下降，所以业界得知这项新技术时，他们都很兴奋，希望它可以帮助当地居民。」</span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcniuGa0uWKiycoAlZDS0E1de" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p"> </span></div> <div class="ace-line ace-line old-record-id-doxcnsamQykQWIsy4mAnO3tr2qc" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="p">然而，要将技术商品化，需要循序渐进。卢教授预计两年内进行大规模的原型制作示范，四年后将技术商品化，并说：「我们要证明这项技术适合商品化，就要成功应用在千瓦级功率的原型。」</span></div> </div>

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